Anti-angiogenic and toxicity effects of Derris trifoliata extract in zebrafish embryo

Introduction: Derris trifoliata has been traditionally used as folk for the treatment of , rheumatic joints, diarrhoea, and dysmenorrhea, and rotenoids isolated from the plant have shown to exhibit anti-cancer properties. This study aimed to assess the toxicity effects and antiangiogenic activity of extract of Derris trifoliata on zebrafish embryo model. Materials and Methods: Zebrafihs embryos were treated with aqueous extract of Derris Trifoliata to evaluate its effects on angiogenesis and zebrafish-toxicity. Angiogenic response was analyzed using whole-mount alkaline phosphatase (AP) vessel staining on 72 hours post fertilization (hpf) zebrafish embryos. Results: 1.0 mg/ml concentration was toxic to zebrafish embryos and embryos exposed to concentrations at 0.5 mg/ml and below showed some malformations. Derris trifoliata aqueous extract also showed some anti-angiogenic activity in vivo in the zebrafish embryo model wereby at high concentration inhibited vessel formation in zebrafish embryo. Conclusions: The anti-angiogenic response of extract of Derris trifoliata in zebrafish in vivo model suggest its therapeutic potential as anti-cancer agent

An overview on phytochemical, anti-inflammatory and anti-bacterial activity of basella alba leaves extract

Inflammation is the complex biological response of vascular tissue to harmful stimuli such as pathogens, damaged cells, or irritants. In the present investigation an attempt was made to screen the anti-inflammatory activity of Basellaalba leaf. From this study, it can be concluded that, Basellaalba possesses a good anti-inflammatory activity. In the cotton pellet induced inflammation and In the carrageenan induced inflammation the animals treated with the plant extract have been shown a significant activity at 500 mg/kg dose (p<0.001) which was comparable with the standard drug. In view of the percentage inhibition also the plant was studied, in which the plant extract was found effective. The antibacterial activity was carried out using different dilutions of methanolic extract against gram positive strains (Staphylococcus aureus, Micrococcus luteus, Bacillus subtilus) and gram negative ones (Pseudomonas aeruginosa) by the cup-plate assay method and minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs). The different concentrations of extract showed moderate activity against Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Bacillus subtiliswhile weak response against Staphylococcus aureus, Micrococcus luteus and Escherichiacoli. The minimum inhibitory concentration of methanolic extract was 6.25μg/ml against Staphylococcus aureus, Micrococcus luteus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Bacillussubtilus and 12.5 μg/ml against Escherichia coli. The overall result of this study indicates that the methanolic extract of Basellaalba have interesting anti-inflammatory and antibacterial properties

Response surface optimization of the forward extraction of jacalin from jackfruit seeds using AOT/isooctane reverse micellar system

Jacalin is the major protein contained in the crude extract of jackfruit (Artocarpus heterophyllus) seed that specifically recognizes and binds reversibly to galactose. Conventionally, purification of jacalin is carried out using the tedious and costly chromatographic techniques. In this study, extraction of jacalin from jackfruit seed crude extract were done using the sodium bis(2-ethylhexyl) sulfosuccinate (AOT)-based reverse micellar system. Reverse micellar extraction is an attractive alternative for downstream processing of various proteins. A successful reverse micellar extraction consists of two basic steps: forward and backward extraction. Forward extraction transfers a target protein from an aqueous solution into the reverse micellar solution, while backward extraction releases the protein from the reverse micelles structure into a new aqueous solution. The effects of the aqueous phase pH, NaCl concentration and AOT concentration on the forward extraction efficiency (FEE) are investigated using the response surface methodology (Box-Behnken Design). The main effects and interactions of the parameters are analyzed through the 3D surface plots. The optimum conditions for forward extraction were determined as follows: aqueous phase pH 4.58, 125 mM NaCl and 40 mM AOT. Under the optimal conditions, the FEE reached 88.04±1.30%, closer to 87.99% predicted by the model. The results indicated that AOT/isooctane reverse micelle system is effective in extracting jacalin from the jackfruit seed crude extract and verified the practicability of the BBD model for optimizing the main parameters in the forward extraction of jacalin

A simple method for extracting both active oily and water soluble extract (WSE) from Nigella sativa (L.) seeds using a single solvent system

The current study provides a way of extraction for both active NSO and WSE from Nigella sativa seeds using 98% methanol. About 1 kg of ground seeds was macerated by 1:2.5 w/v (g/mL) for 72 hours. After rotary evaporation and 7 days of continuous drying and chilling at 50 and 4 °C, NSO and WSE were obtained at the same instant. Solubility tests of 24 solvents and 11 thin layer chromatographic analyses while 2, 2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl free radical scavenging assay of NSO (73.66) , WSE (33.32) and NSO + WSE (78.22) against ascorbic acid (IC50 = 4.28 mg/mL) was performed. WSE was found to be highly soluble in water and 5% NaOH exhibiting the same Rf value of 0.95 for EtOH:DMSO (9:1) against the honey. WSE has revealed more than twofold higher anti-oxidant activity than others. Formulation of WSE with Tualang honey may provide better targeted hydrophilic drug delivery systems

Selected natural agents used for cholesterol controls

Purpose – Various studies suggest that some of natural agents create a specific action of hypocholesterolemic effect. Considering this fact, the aim of this paper is to work on describing selected natural agents that may reduce cholesterol concentrations by different mechanism of actions. Design/methodology/approach – The advantages, phytochemical components and the mechanisms of the agents were reviewed and supported from the findings of the in vitro, double-blind and clinical studies from published journals, books and articles. The journals used in this review were published between 1987 and 2016, and are available from PubMed, ScienceDirect and Google Scholar. Findings – Plant stanols and sterols, turmeric, fenugreek, avocado, tomato, artichoke, red yeast rice and garlic showed a positive effect in maintaining cholesterol levels by specific mechanisms or actions. These agents each had a specific action in creating a hypocholesterolemic effect either by inhibition of the enzyme significant to the synthesis process, disturbing the absorption of cholesterol, conversion of cholesterol to other related forms and through the reduction of the oxidative stress. Research limitations/implications – However, this field still needs more studies as, currently, there is not any detailed information regarding the main active ingredients responsible for the mechanism to reduce cholesterol levels in humans. Originality/value – This paper enlightens the authors’ understanding of some natural agents that have the potential to be used in controlling cholesterol

Antioxidant capabilities of Litsea garciae bark extracts and their relation to the phytochemical compositions

The plant species belonging to the Litsea genus are widely investigated due to their nutritional and medicinal purposes. In this regard, this study is another similar sincere effort in which the antioxidant property and phytochemical composition of Litsea garciae (L. garciae) bark’s hexane, chloroform, methanol, and aqueous extracts were evaluated to confirm its traditional benefits. The total flavonoid content (TFC) and total phenolic content (TPC) were determined first, followed by an assessment of in vitro antioxidant activity using the DPPH and FRAP assays. The composition of the secondary metabolites was determined using Ultra-High-Performance Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (UHPLC-MS). As a result, methanol extract was recorded to have the highest TPC value aligned with its positive appearance in phytochemical screening. Its antioxidant capacity indicated the least IC50. The results indicated that the significant free radical scavenging activity was due to the methanolic extract’s high phenolic content. The secondary metabolites found in the methanol extract varied significantly according to UHPLC-MS analysis. The major phenolic compounds were found including N-trans-feruloyl-4-O-methyldopamine, N-cisferuloyltyramine, epicatechin-(4beta->6)-epicatechin-(2beta->7,4beta->8)-epicatechin, 7-Hydroxy-3-(4-methoxyphenyl)- 4-propyl-2H-1-benzopyran-2-one and 9-O-Methylneodunol. In general, the results indicate that L. garciae bark may be a promising source of novel natural compounds with antioxidative properties

Antioxidant capabilities of Litsea Garciae bark extracts and their relation to the phytochemical compositions

The plant species belonging to the Litsea genus are widely investigated due to their nutritional and medicinal purposes. In this regard, this study is another similar sincere effort in which the antioxidant property and phytochemical composition of Litsea garciae (L. garciae) bark’s hexane, chloroform, methanol, and aqueous extracts were evaluated to confirm its traditional benefits. The total flavonoid content (TFC) and total phenolic content (TPC) were determined first, followed by an assessment of in vitro antioxidant activity using the DPPH and FRAP assays. The composition of the secondary metabolites was determined using Ultra-High-Performance Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (UHPLC-MS). As a result, methanol extract was recorded to have the highest TPC value aligned with its positive appearance in phytochemical screening. Its antioxidant capacity indicated the least IC50. The results indicated that the significant free radical scavenging activity was due to the methanolic extract’s high phenolic content. The secondary metabolites found in the methanol extract varied significantly according to UHPLC-MS analysis. The major phenolic compounds were found including N-trans-feruloyl-4-O-methyldopamine, N-cisferuloyltyramine, epicatechin-(4beta->6)-epicatechin-(2beta->7,4beta->8)-epicatechin, 7-Hydroxy-3-(4-methoxyphenyl)4-propyl-2H-1-benzopyran-2-one and 9-O-Methylneodunol. In general, the results indicate that L. garciae bark may be a promising source of novel natural compounds with antioxidative properties

Phytochemical composition and antioxidant properties on bark of Litsea garciae

The plants of the Litsea genus are widely explored concerning their nutritional and medicinal purposes. The recent study investigated the antioxidant capabilities and phytochemical composition of Litsea garciae (LG) bark’s hexane, chloroform, methanol, and aqueous extracts. Antioxidant measurements were performed by determining the total phenolic content (TPC) and the total flavonoid content (TFC). Antioxidant capacities were assessed employing free radical scavenging (DPPH assay) and ferric reducing power (FRAP assay). The secondary metabolites composition was evaluated by Ultra-High-Performance Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (UHPLC-MS) method. As a result, methanol extract was recorded to have the highest TPC value aligned with its positive appearance in phytochemical screening. Its antioxidant capacity indicated the least IC50. Results showed that the significant free radical scavenging activity was related to the presence of high phenolic content in the methanolic extract. UHPLC-MS analysis revealed significant variation in the secondary metabolites present in the methanol extract. The major phenolic compounds were found including N-trans-feruloyl-4-O-methyldopamine, N-cis-feruloyltyramine, epicatechin-(4beta->6)-epicatechin-(2beta->7,4beta->8)-epicatechin, 7-Hydroxy-3- (4-methoxyphenyl)-4-propyl-2H-1-benzopyran-2-one and 9-O-Methylneodunol. Overall, results have suggested LG bark to be a lead source for novel natural products possessing antioxidative potential